This gas was chosen as a result of analyzing the gas produced from the flux of a shielded metal arc welding (SMAW) electrode. The shielding gas of choice during the development of the GMAW process was CO2. The fundamental purpose of shielding gas is to keep the nitrogen and oxygen in the atmosphere out of the molten weld pool as it cools. Helium (He) and carbon dioxide (CO2) were the main options the welder had at the time due to limited gas manufacturing capabilities. This step got the ball rolling for more research and development on the gas metal arc welding (GMAW) and flux cored arc welding (FCAW) processes. The GTAW process, shielded with helium, was the result.
At the beginning of World War II, the aircraft industry looked for a better way to construct aircraft. It started with the gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW) process. Today, there are still many hours of research being done on new gas blends and the effects they have on welding. Over the last 50 years, the industrial gas industry has made significant contributions to the welding industry through the production and purification of different gases and gas mixtures. The basic push for research initially was World War II. However, because of limited research, these processes did not become commercially viable until the 1940s and 1950s. The advent of gas-shielded arc welding processes can be traced back to the 1920s. Reproduced with the permission of Welding Journal and the American Welding Society
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